\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8: 11 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd, 1888<\/p>\n
\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5. \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8: 5 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, 1931 (42 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8)<\/p>\n
\u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<\/p>\n
\u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10da\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d8\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. 1908 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8. 1912 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3 \u201e\u10e1\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u201c \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd \u10db\u10d4-6 \u10db\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, 2000 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4-15 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e7\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. 1913 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
1913 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8.<\/p>\n
1913\u20131916 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u2013\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10d0\u2013\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e3\u10d6\u10dd\u10d5\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10ea\u10d9\u10d8) \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
1916\u20131918 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
1918 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8; \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u2013\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3.<\/p>\n
1923 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 28 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10da\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 18 \u10d0\u10da\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 5 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10de\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10e1.<\/p>\n
1924 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10ef\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n
1927 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n
1928 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2 \u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u10e6\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10e1 \u201e\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d3\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201c. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d7\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0.<\/p>\n
1929\u20131930 \u10ec\u10ec. \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8) \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d6\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n
1934 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u2013 “\u10d3\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8”; \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
1973 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u2013\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2. \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8.<\/p>\n
\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10e2\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n
\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n 1913 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8), \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n 1918 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8), \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n 1924 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10e3\u10eb\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8: 11 \u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd, 1888 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5. \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8: 5 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, 1931 (42 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e8\u10d8) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8: \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10da\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8. \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10d2\u10d8\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10da\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10eb\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. 1908 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-scientists","category-georgian_mathematicians"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8-\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2493"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2517,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2493\/revisions\/2517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/math.org.ge\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}